Both women and men can develop a yeast infection. However, this is more common among women, normally referring to a yeast infection of the vagina. Though, men are susceptible to infection of the genitals and mouth too. Women are more likely to develop a vaginal yeast infection, also called Candida vaginitis or vulvovaginal candidiasis. Some 75% of women experience such an infection at least once in their lifetime, with 40% of women having it more often.
Furthermore, 5 to 8% will have a yeast infection in chronic form, with
multiple infections annually. Treatment takes three days to a full week. If it
lasts over 7 days, a doctor should be consulted (1, 2).
One form of this infection does not attack genitals, but
areas of the skin that are warm and moist, such as the groin and armpits. This
condition is called cutaneous candidiasis. Irrespective of where the fungus has
taken hold, if it enters the bloodstream, it may lead to invasive candidiasis,
which can prove lethal, moving to the liver and lungs, negatively
affecting the heart valves.
What Is A Yeast Infection?
This type of infection is caused mainly by a fungus called
Candida albicans. It may, however, be caused by other types of Candida species
such as Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida
krusei. Furthermore, the condition is not solely fungal. Bacteria are also
involved. The bacterium lactobacillus, producing acid to keep the yeast under
control, can go out of balance for various reasons, resulting in an overgrowth
of yeast. This overgrowth presents as a symptom of this condition.
Take-Home Note:
A yeast infection is caused by an imbalance between good
and bad bacteria. The overgrowth leads to the condition developing.
What Are The Symptoms?
The symptoms of a yeast infection may include itching and
irritation of the genitals; a burning feeling, especially when urinating;
swelling and redness; pain in the genital area; a rash, and a watery or
thick discharge.
Take-Home Note:
Various symptoms may be identified. A doctor will either
examine the affected area or ask questions that identify the symptoms.
What Causes This Condition?
The overgrowth of yeast may result from the consumption of
antibiotics, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, a weak and compromised immune
system, such as from HIV or over-use of steroids, as well as hormones and oral
contraceptives that increase estrogen levels. In addition, sexual interaction, such as oral to genital contact, may also lead to this condition. However, this
condition is not necessarily the result of any sexual activity (3, 4).
Take-Home Note:
There are various reasons for yeast infections developing,
dictating in part how the condition will be treated. However, what is important
to note is that, even though this condition may be transmitted sexually, this
is not a sexually transmitted disease. In most cases, it results from an
imbalance of bacteria in the affected area.
The Treatment
The treatment will depend on how complicated or severe the
yeast infection is. If, for instance, the condition is uncomplicated, then
prescribed creams, tablets, and other antifungal measures may be used for
between one to seven days. Alternatively, oral medication may be prescribed.
Thirdly, over-the-counter treatments, such as creams, may be used. If the
condition is complicated, a longer treatment plan is needed, mostly taking up to
2 weeks. Medication may be prescribed, from creams to pills. Alternatively, a
longer treatment plan is needed if the condition has become chronic. However,
the idea is to stop the infection. For instance, if caused by sexual
intercourse, condoms could prevent reinfection (5).
Take-Home Note:
The severity of the condition will dictate the type of
treatment and the length to be taken. If the yeast infection is uncomplicated,
the treatment lasts up to a week; a complicated case will require a treatment
period of up to two weeks.
How Can You Prevent A Yeast Infection?
Understanding this condition and its causes leads to
effective treatment. However, avoiding certain conditions and attire can help
minimize the risk of developing a yeast infection. These include not wearing
very tight underwear, using only cotton underwear, as well as loose-fitting
clothes. Wearing wet clothes can also contribute to a yeast infection
developing as it provides the perfect environment for the yeast to flourish.
Extremely hot baths and hot tubs should be avoided. In addition, antibiotics
should be limited (6). The genitals should be kept clean and dry to reduce
infections. Probiotic yogurt or probiotic supplements can help to maintain a
good probiotic balance. One substance effective in relieving a yeast infection
is tea tree oil, an antifungal oil applied to unbroken skin (7).
Take-Home Note:
Wearing cotton underwear, loose-fitting clothing, and
avoiding wearing wet underwear can help reduce the chances of developing a
yeast infection.
Our Ultimate Take-Home Message
A yeast infection can occur in both sexes. However, it is
more common among women. Over half of all females will develop such an
infection in their lifetime. In addition, this condition is caused by an
imbalance of bacteria. The good bacteria outnumbered bad bacteria, causing
an overproduction of yeast. Various factors may be to blame, ranging from
excess moisture to antibiotics or even sexual intercourse as a
trigger. Treatment is simple, ranging from creams, pills to a change of habits.
Nevertheless, creams and pills may have to be prescribed if the condition
is serious; if not, over-the-counter solutions may be used. It is always best
to consult a doctor on first noticing the problem
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